Introduction to the online version
Foreword
Preface (to the printed version)
Chapter 1: An Overview of Copyright
I.D. The Copyright Act of 1909
I.E. The Copyright Act of 1976
II.A. How Copyright Comes Into Being
II.A.3. Originality Is Required
II.B. Compilations, Collections, And Derivative Works
II.B.1. Reproductions or Derivative Works?
II.C. Copyright Notice And Registration
II.C.2. Registration of Copyright
II.D. Federal Government Works
II.D.1. Exemption from Copyright
II.D.2. Government Contract Works
II.E.1. Two Key Supreme Court Cases
II.E.2. Idea-Expression Merger and Scènes À Faire
II.H.3. Public Distribution and First Sale
II.H.4. Public Performance or Display
II.H.5. Rights In Different Types of Works
II.H.6. Assignments and Licensing
II.I.2. Fair Use as a Safety Valve
II.J.1. Contributory Infringement
II.J.2. Vicarious Infringement
II.L. Remedies For Copyright Infringement
II.L.1. Time Limits For Filing Suit
II.L.3. Attorney Fees and Costs
Chapter 2: Copyright of Computer Programs
I. The History Of Software Copyright
I.A. Early “Software”: The Piano Roll
I.B. The First Software Copyrights
I.C. Software Under the 1976 Act
I.D. The CONTU Recommendations
I.E.1. Adoption of the CONTU Recommendations, with an Unexplained Change
I.E.2. The 1990 Software Rental Prohibition
I.E.3. The 1998 Addition to Section 117
II. The Scope Of Software Copyright
II.B.1. Williams Electronics v. Artic International
II.C.1. MAI v. Peak: Fixed Reproductions
II.C.2. A Better Way to Look at RAM Copies
III. Beyond Mere Copying of a Computer Program
III.A. Structure, Sequence, and Organization
III.A.1. The Third Circuit’s Whelan Decision
III.B. Abstraction, Filtration, Comparison
III.B.1. The Second Circuit’s Altai Decision
III.B.2. The Tenth Circuit’s Elaboration On Altai
III.B.3.c. Material in the Public Domain
III.C.1. The Paperback Decision
III.C.2. Borland at the District Court
III.C.3. Borland at the First Circuit
III.C.4. Tenth Circuit Criticism of Borland
IV.B. A Judge’s Comments on the Suggested Approach
V. Reverse Engineering Of Software
V.A. The Federal Circuit’s Atari Decision
V.B. The Ninth Circuit’s Sega Decision
V.B.1. The First Fair Use Factor
V.B.2. The Second Fair Use Factor
V.B.3. The Third and Fourth Fair Use Factors
V.B.4. Summarizing The Four Factors
V.C. Revising Sega in Sony v. Connectix
VI. Other Software Copyright Issues
VI.A. Source Code and Derivative Works
VI.B. Source Code and Object Code
VI.C. Source Code and Displays
VI.D.2. Piecewise Reimplementation
VI.D.3. Section 117 Adaptations
VI.D.4. Derivative Works and Compilations
Chapter 3: Copyright of Digital Information
I. Why Digital Works are Different
I.A. The Ease of Copying and Distributing Digital Works
I.B. Copyright Laws are a Bad Fit
I.B.1.a. The Public Distribution Right
I.B.1.b. The Reproduction Right
I.B.1.d. The Public Performance Rights
I.B.1.e. The Public Display Right
I.B.2.a. A New Right to Control Access and Use?
II. Protecting Digital Information
II.A. The Audio Home Recording Act
II.C. Digital Sound Recordings
II.C.1. The New Exclusive Right
III.A.2. When a Service Provider Will Be Liable
III.B. Congress Codifies the Decisions
III.B.1. The Four Safe Harbors
III.B.2. Benefits of Being in the Safe Harbor
III.B.3. Notice-and-Takedown Procedures
III.B.4. Mere Conduits for Others’ Communications
III.B.5. Service Provider Caching
III.B.6. Stored User Information
III.B.7. Directories and Links
III.B.8. Other Safe Harbor Requirements
III.B.9. Special Rules for Schools
IV. Protection Through Technology
IV.A. Why Technology, Why Laws?
IV.B. Past Technological Protections
IV.D. The WIPO Copyright Treaty
IV.E. Technological Protections and the DMCA
IV.E.1. The Trafficking Provisions
IV.E.2. Accessing Through Circumvention
IV.E.3. Distinction From Copyright
IV.E.5. What Anticircumvention Isn’t
IV.E.6. Rights Management Information
IV.E.7. Permitted Circumventions
IV.E.7.a. Law Enforcement, Content Filters, and Privacy
IV.E.7.b. Libraries and Educational Institutions
Chapter 4: An Overview of Patents
III.B. Exceptions To The Broad Classes
III.B.6. Methods of Doing Business
IV.B.1. When a Claim “Reads On” Something
IV.B.4. Dependent and Independent Claims
IV.B.6. Means Plus Function Elements
VI. Anticipation And Obviousness
VI.A. Secondary Considerations
VII.B. Presumption of Validity
VIII.A. Nonliteral Infringement
VIII.D. Penalties for Infringement
IX. What To Do If You Are Told You Are Infringing a Patent
Chapter 5: Software-Based Inventions
I. Reluctance at the Beginning
I.A. Trying to Patent a Computer Algorithm
I.B. The Supreme Court’s Benson Decision
I.C. Trying to Make Sense of Benson
I.D. The Supreme Court’s Flook Decision
II.B. A New Clarity: The Alappat Decision
II.D. The Patent Office’s Guidelines
III. Business Methods and State Street Bank
V. Printed Matter and Computer Software
V.A. Beauregard’s Floppy Disks